The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe

Marjan Savadkoohi; Marco Pandolfi; Cristina Reche; Jarkko V. Niemi; Dennis Mooibroek; Gloria Titos; David C. Green; Anja H. Tremper; Christoph Hueglin; Eleni Liakakou; Nikos Mihalopoulos; Iasonas Stavroulas; Begoña Artiñano; Esther Coz; Lucas Alados-Arboledas; David Beddows; Véronique Riffault; Joel F. De Brito; Susanne Bastian; Alexia Baudic; Cristina Colombi; Francesca Costabile; Benjamin Chazeau; Nicolas Marchand; José Luis Gómez-Amo; Víctor Estellés; Violeta Matos; Ed van der Gaag; Grégory Gille; Krista Luoma; Hanna E. Manninen; Michael Norman; Sanna Silvergren; Jean Eudes Petit; Jean Philippe Putaud; Oliver V. Rattigan; Hilkka Timonen; Thomas Tuch; Maik Merkel; Kay Weinhold; Stergios Vratolis; Jeni Vasilescu; Olivier Favez; Roy M. Harrison; Paolo Laj; Alfred Wiedensohler; Philip K. Hopke; Tuukka Petäjä; Andrés Alastuey; Xavier Querol

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081

The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe

Marjan Savadkoohi, Marco Pandolfi, Cristina Reche, Jarkko V. Niemi, Dennis Mooibroek, Gloria Titos, David C. Green, Anja H. Tremper, Christoph Hueglin, Eleni Liakakou, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Iasonas Stavroulas, Begoña Artiñano, Esther Coz, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, David Beddows, Véronique Riffault, Joel F. De Brito, Susanne Bastian, Alexia BaudicCristina Colombi, Francesca Costabile, Benjamin Chazeau, Nicolas Marchand, José Luis Gómez-Amo, Víctor Estellés, Violeta Matos, Ed van der Gaag, Grégory Gille, Krista Luoma, Hanna E. Manninen, Michael Norman, Sanna Silvergren, Jean Eudes Petit, Jean Philippe Putaud, Oliver V. Rattigan, Hilkka Timonen, Thomas Tuch, Maik Merkel, Kay Weinhold, Stergios Vratolis, Jeni Vasilescu, Olivier Favez, Roy M. Harrison, Paolo Laj, Alfred Wiedensohler, Philip K. Hopke, Tuukka Petäjä, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol

Earth and Environmental Sciences

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Abstract

This study analyzed the variability of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations and their sources in urban Europe to provide insights into the use of eBC as an advanced air quality (AQ) parameter for AQ standards. This study compiled eBC mass concentration datasets covering the period between 2006 and 2022 from 50 measurement stations, including 23 urban background (UB), 18 traffic (TR), 7 suburban (SUB), and 2 regional background (RB) sites. The results highlighted the need for the harmonization of eBC measurements to allow for direct comparisons between eBC mass concentrations measured across urban Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited a decreasing trend as follows: TR > UB > SUB > RB. Furthermore, a clear decreasing trend in eBC concentrations was observed in the UB sites moving from Southern to Northern Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, including marked differences in eBC mass concentration and variable contributions of pollution sources to bulk eBC between different cities. Seasonal patterns in eBC concentrations were also evident, with higher winter concentrations observed in a large proportion of cities, especially at UB and SUB sites. The contribution of eBC from fossil fuel combustion, mostly traffic (eBCT) was higher than that of residential and commercial sources (eBCRC) in all European sites studied. Nevertheless, eBCRC still had a substantial contribution to total eBC mass concentrations at a majority of the sites. eBC trend analysis revealed decreasing trends for eBCT over the last decade, while eBCRC remained relatively constant or even increased slightly in some cities.

Original language	English
Article number	108081
Journal	Environment international
Volume	178
Early online date	5 Jul 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081
Publication status	Published - Aug 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Air quality
eBC
European urban environment
Filter absorption photometer
Source apportionment

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Environmental Science

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Savadkoohi, M., Pandolfi, M., Reche, C., Niemi, J. V., Mooibroek, D., Titos, G., Green, D. C., Tremper, A. H., Hueglin, C., Liakakou, E., Mihalopoulos, N., Stavroulas, I., Artiñano, B., Coz, E., Alados-Arboledas, L., Beddows, D., Riffault, V., De Brito, J. F., Bastian, S., ... Querol, X. (2023). The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe. Environment international, 178, Article 108081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081

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title = "The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe",

abstract = "This study analyzed the variability of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations and their sources in urban Europe to provide insights into the use of eBC as an advanced air quality (AQ) parameter for AQ standards. This study compiled eBC mass concentration datasets covering the period between 2006 and 2022 from 50 measurement stations, including 23 urban background (UB), 18 traffic (TR), 7 suburban (SUB), and 2 regional background (RB) sites. The results highlighted the need for the harmonization of eBC measurements to allow for direct comparisons between eBC mass concentrations measured across urban Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited a decreasing trend as follows: TR > UB > SUB > RB. Furthermore, a clear decreasing trend in eBC concentrations was observed in the UB sites moving from Southern to Northern Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, including marked differences in eBC mass concentration and variable contributions of pollution sources to bulk eBC between different cities. Seasonal patterns in eBC concentrations were also evident, with higher winter concentrations observed in a large proportion of cities, especially at UB and SUB sites. The contribution of eBC from fossil fuel combustion, mostly traffic (eBCT) was higher than that of residential and commercial sources (eBCRC) in all European sites studied. Nevertheless, eBCRC still had a substantial contribution to total eBC mass concentrations at a majority of the sites. eBC trend analysis revealed decreasing trends for eBCT over the last decade, while eBCRC remained relatively constant or even increased slightly in some cities.",

keywords = "Air quality, eBC, European urban environment, Filter absorption photometer, Source apportionment",

author = "Marjan Savadkoohi and Marco Pandolfi and Cristina Reche and Niemi, {Jarkko V.} and Dennis Mooibroek and Gloria Titos and Green, {David C.} and Tremper, {Anja H.} and Christoph Hueglin and Eleni Liakakou and Nikos Mihalopoulos and Iasonas Stavroulas and Bego{\~n}a Arti{\~n}ano and Esther Coz and Lucas Alados-Arboledas and David Beddows and V{\'e}ronique Riffault and {De Brito}, {Joel F.} and Susanne Bastian and Alexia Baudic and Cristina Colombi and Francesca Costabile and Benjamin Chazeau and Nicolas Marchand and G{\'o}mez-Amo, {Jos{\'e} Luis} and V{\'i}ctor Estell{\'e}s and Violeta Matos and {van der Gaag}, Ed and Gr{\'e}gory Gille and Krista Luoma and Manninen, {Hanna E.} and Michael Norman and Sanna Silvergren and Petit, {Jean Eudes} and Putaud, {Jean Philippe} and Rattigan, {Oliver V.} and Hilkka Timonen and Thomas Tuch and Maik Merkel and Kay Weinhold and Stergios Vratolis and Jeni Vasilescu and Olivier Favez and Harrison, {Roy M.} and Paolo Laj and Alfred Wiedensohler and Hopke, {Philip K.} and Tuukka Pet{\"a}j{\"a} and Andr{\'e}s Alastuey and Xavier Querol",

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doi = "10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081",

language = "English",

volume = "178",

journal = "Environment international",

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publisher = "Elsevier",

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Savadkoohi, M, Pandolfi, M, Reche, C, Niemi, JV, Mooibroek, D, Titos, G, Green, DC, Tremper, AH, Hueglin, C, Liakakou, E, Mihalopoulos, N, Stavroulas, I, Artiñano, B, Coz, E, Alados-Arboledas, L, Beddows, D, Riffault, V, De Brito, JF, Bastian, S, Baudic, A, Colombi, C, Costabile, F, Chazeau, B, Marchand, N, Gómez-Amo, JL, Estellés, V, Matos, V, van der Gaag, E, Gille, G, Luoma, K, Manninen, HE, Norman, M, Silvergren, S, Petit, JE, Putaud, JP, Rattigan, OV, Timonen, H, Tuch, T, Merkel, M, Weinhold, K, Vratolis, S, Vasilescu, J, Favez, O, Harrison, RM, Laj, P, Wiedensohler, A, Hopke, PK, Petäjä, T, Alastuey, A & Querol, X 2023, 'The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe', Environment international, vol. 178, 108081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081

TY - JOUR

T1 - The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe

AU - Savadkoohi, Marjan

AU - Pandolfi, Marco

AU - Reche, Cristina

AU - Niemi, Jarkko V.

AU - Mooibroek, Dennis

AU - Titos, Gloria

AU - Green, David C.

AU - Tremper, Anja H.

AU - Hueglin, Christoph

AU - Liakakou, Eleni

AU - Mihalopoulos, Nikos

AU - Stavroulas, Iasonas

AU - Artiñano, Begoña

AU - Coz, Esther

AU - Alados-Arboledas, Lucas

AU - Beddows, David

AU - Riffault, Véronique

AU - De Brito, Joel F.

AU - Bastian, Susanne

AU - Baudic, Alexia

AU - Colombi, Cristina

AU - Costabile, Francesca

AU - Chazeau, Benjamin

AU - Marchand, Nicolas

AU - Gómez-Amo, José Luis

AU - Estellés, Víctor

AU - Matos, Violeta

AU - van der Gaag, Ed

AU - Gille, Grégory

AU - Luoma, Krista

AU - Manninen, Hanna E.

AU - Norman, Michael

AU - Silvergren, Sanna

AU - Petit, Jean Eudes

AU - Putaud, Jean Philippe

AU - Rattigan, Oliver V.

AU - Timonen, Hilkka

AU - Tuch, Thomas

AU - Merkel, Maik

AU - Weinhold, Kay

AU - Vratolis, Stergios

AU - Vasilescu, Jeni

AU - Favez, Olivier

AU - Harrison, Roy M.

AU - Laj, Paolo

AU - Wiedensohler, Alfred

AU - Hopke, Philip K.

AU - Petäjä, Tuukka

AU - Alastuey, Andrés

AU - Querol, Xavier

PY - 2023/8

Y1 - 2023/8

N2 - This study analyzed the variability of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations and their sources in urban Europe to provide insights into the use of eBC as an advanced air quality (AQ) parameter for AQ standards. This study compiled eBC mass concentration datasets covering the period between 2006 and 2022 from 50 measurement stations, including 23 urban background (UB), 18 traffic (TR), 7 suburban (SUB), and 2 regional background (RB) sites. The results highlighted the need for the harmonization of eBC measurements to allow for direct comparisons between eBC mass concentrations measured across urban Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited a decreasing trend as follows: TR > UB > SUB > RB. Furthermore, a clear decreasing trend in eBC concentrations was observed in the UB sites moving from Southern to Northern Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, including marked differences in eBC mass concentration and variable contributions of pollution sources to bulk eBC between different cities. Seasonal patterns in eBC concentrations were also evident, with higher winter concentrations observed in a large proportion of cities, especially at UB and SUB sites. The contribution of eBC from fossil fuel combustion, mostly traffic (eBCT) was higher than that of residential and commercial sources (eBCRC) in all European sites studied. Nevertheless, eBCRC still had a substantial contribution to total eBC mass concentrations at a majority of the sites. eBC trend analysis revealed decreasing trends for eBCT over the last decade, while eBCRC remained relatively constant or even increased slightly in some cities.

AB - This study analyzed the variability of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations and their sources in urban Europe to provide insights into the use of eBC as an advanced air quality (AQ) parameter for AQ standards. This study compiled eBC mass concentration datasets covering the period between 2006 and 2022 from 50 measurement stations, including 23 urban background (UB), 18 traffic (TR), 7 suburban (SUB), and 2 regional background (RB) sites. The results highlighted the need for the harmonization of eBC measurements to allow for direct comparisons between eBC mass concentrations measured across urban Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited a decreasing trend as follows: TR > UB > SUB > RB. Furthermore, a clear decreasing trend in eBC concentrations was observed in the UB sites moving from Southern to Northern Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, including marked differences in eBC mass concentration and variable contributions of pollution sources to bulk eBC between different cities. Seasonal patterns in eBC concentrations were also evident, with higher winter concentrations observed in a large proportion of cities, especially at UB and SUB sites. The contribution of eBC from fossil fuel combustion, mostly traffic (eBCT) was higher than that of residential and commercial sources (eBCRC) in all European sites studied. Nevertheless, eBCRC still had a substantial contribution to total eBC mass concentrations at a majority of the sites. eBC trend analysis revealed decreasing trends for eBCT over the last decade, while eBCRC remained relatively constant or even increased slightly in some cities.

KW - Air quality

KW - eBC

KW - European urban environment

KW - Filter absorption photometer

KW - Source apportionment

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U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081

DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081

M3 - Article

C2 - 37451041

AN - SCOPUS:85168240926

SN - 1873-6750

VL - 178

JO - Environment international

JF - Environment international

M1 - 108081

ER -

The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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Cite this