Abstract
Rural residential emissions contribute significantly to regional air pollution in China, but our understanding on how residential solid fuel burning influences the village outdoor air quality is limited. In this study, we compared the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) composition and individual particle characteristics from 11 to 18 January 2017 at a village and an urban site in northern China. At the village site, each day was divided into four periods: cooking (07:30–10:00; 16:00–17:00), daytime (10:00–16:00), heating (17:00–24:00), and midnight (00:00–07:30) periods. The highest PM2.5 concentration occurred during the cooking period (236 ± 88 μg m−3), which was characterized by high concentrations of K+ and abundant primary OM-K particles (i.e., organic matter mixed with K-salts) emitted from residential biomass burning. The second highest PM2.5 concentration was found during the heating period (161 ± 97 μg m−3), and the PM2.5 contained abundant spherical primary OM particles (i.e., tarballs) emitted from residential coal burning. The primary emissions from residential solid fuel burning resulted in 75% of the village OM by mass consisting of primary OM and 67% of the village aerosol particles by number internally mixing with primary OM particles. The village PM2.5 composition was different from that of the urban PM2.5, with the former containing more OM (47% vs 32%) and less secondary inorganic ions (30% vs 46%). Individual primary OM-K and tarballs were abundant in the village air. These results suggest a large contribution of village residential emissions in the winter to village air pollution. Our study highlights that the residential health in villages of northern China should be paid more attention because of high PM2.5 concentrations and abundant toxic particles during the cooking and heating periods per day in winter.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 116420 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Environmental Pollution |
Volume | 272 |
Early online date | 31 Dec 2020 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Mar 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We thank Yong Ren and Xiongfei Zhang for their help of sample collections. This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42075096, 91844301, 41807305), National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0212700), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LZ19D050001), and UK Natural Environment Research Council (NE/S00579X/1, NE/N007190/1).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Individual particle
- Primary organic aerosol
- Residential emissions
- Tarball
- Village
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Toxicology
- Pollution
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis