Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells

Arthur Fordham; Zoran Milojevic; Emily Giles; Wenjia Du; Rhodri Owen; Stefan Michalik; Phil Chater; Prodip Das; Pierrot Attidekou; Simon Lambert; Phoebe Allan; Peter Slater; Paul Anderson; Rhodri Jervis; Paul Shearing; Dan Brett

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells

Arthur Fordham, Zoran Milojevic, Emily Giles, Wenjia Du, Rhodri Owen, Stefan Michalik, Phil Chater, Prodip Das, Pierrot Attidekou, Simon Lambert, Phoebe Allan, Peter Slater, Paul Anderson, Rhodri Jervis, Paul Shearing^*, Dan Brett^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Chemistry

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Abstract

The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to raise concern for the disposal of lithium-ion batteries reaching their end of life (EoL). The cells inside EVs age differently depending on multiple factors. Yet, following extraction, there are significant challenges with characterizing degradation in cells that have been aged from real-world EV usage. We employed four non-destructive techniques—infrared thermography, ultrasonic mapping, X-ray tomography, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction—to analyze the aging of Nissan Leaf large-format pouch cells that were arranged in different orientations and locations within the pack. The combination of these methods provided complementary insights into cell degradation, with rotated/vertically aligned cells exhibiting distinct aging patterns compared with flat/horizontally aligned cells. These findings offer valuable information for pack design and demonstrate how cost-effective non-destructive techniques can provide practical assessment capabilities comparable to synchrotron studies. This approach enables decision support during EoL, enhancing battery production efficiency and minimizing material waste.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2622-2652
Number of pages	31
Journal	Joule
Volume	7
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011
Publication status	Published - 15 Nov 2023

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments:
This work was part of ReLiB (https://relib.org.uk/), LiStar (https://www.listar.ac.uk/), SafeBatt (https://www.safebatt.ac.uk/), and CatMat (https://catmatproject.com/) Faraday Institution projects (grant numbers EP/S003053/1, FIRG027, FIRG014, FIRG028, and FIRG026). Diamond Light Source is acknowledged for time on Beamline I12-JEEP under proposal MG27719.

The Royal Academy of Engineering is acknowledged for the financial support of P.R. Shearing (CiET1718∖59) and D.J.L.B. (RCSRF2021/13/53) under the Chair in Emerging Technologies and Research Chairs scheme. D.J.L.B. acknowledges the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and HORIBA MIRA for the support of his RAEng Research Chair.

Keywords

automotive Li-ion pouch cell
electric vehicle
aging
infrared thermal imaging
ultrasound acoustic measurement
X-ray tomography
deep learning
synchrotron X-ray diffraction

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10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

FordhamA2023CorrelativeFinal published version, 7.72 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542435123004403Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

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Combining multi-modal non-destructive techniques to investigate ageing and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells
Fordham, A., Milojevic, Z., Giles, E., Du, W., Owen, R. E., Michalik, S., Chater, P., Das, P., Attidekou, P., Lambert, S. M., Allan, P., Slater, P., Anderson, P., Jervis, R., Shearing, P. R. & Brett, D. J. L., 10 May 2023, ChemRxiv.
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Recycling of Li-ion Batteries 2
Allan, P., Anderson, P., Leeke, G., Slater, P., Stolkin, R., Reed, D., Kendrick, E. & Lee, R.
The Faraday Institution
1/04/21 → 31/03/23
Project: Research

Cite this

Fordham, A., Milojevic, Z., Giles, E., Du, W., Owen, R., Michalik, S., Chater, P., Das, P., Attidekou, P., Lambert, S., Allan, P., Slater, P., Anderson, P., Jervis, R., Shearing, P., & Brett, D. (2023). Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells. Joule, 7(11), 2622-2652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

@article{e3949dc8a573446db39f7efba7784486,

title = "Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells",

abstract = "The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to raise concern for the disposal of lithium-ion batteries reaching their end of life (EoL). The cells inside EVs age differently depending on multiple factors. Yet, following extraction, there are significant challenges with characterizing degradation in cells that have been aged from real-world EV usage. We employed four non-destructive techniques—infrared thermography, ultrasonic mapping, X-ray tomography, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction—to analyze the aging of Nissan Leaf large-format pouch cells that were arranged in different orientations and locations within the pack. The combination of these methods provided complementary insights into cell degradation, with rotated/vertically aligned cells exhibiting distinct aging patterns compared with flat/horizontally aligned cells. These findings offer valuable information for pack design and demonstrate how cost-effective non-destructive techniques can provide practical assessment capabilities comparable to synchrotron studies. This approach enables decision support during EoL, enhancing battery production efficiency and minimizing material waste.",

keywords = "automotive Li-ion pouch cell, electric vehicle, aging, infrared thermal imaging, ultrasound acoustic measurement, X-ray tomography, deep learning, synchrotron X-ray diffraction",

author = "Arthur Fordham and Zoran Milojevic and Emily Giles and Wenjia Du and Rhodri Owen and Stefan Michalik and Phil Chater and Prodip Das and Pierrot Attidekou and Simon Lambert and Phoebe Allan and Peter Slater and Paul Anderson and Rhodri Jervis and Paul Shearing and Dan Brett",

note = "Acknowledgments: This work was part of ReLiB (https://relib.org.uk/), LiStar (https://www.listar.ac.uk/), SafeBatt (https://www.safebatt.ac.uk/), and CatMat (https://catmatproject.com/) Faraday Institution projects (grant numbers EP/S003053/1, FIRG027, FIRG014, FIRG028, and FIRG026). Diamond Light Source is acknowledged for time on Beamline I12-JEEP under proposal MG27719. The Royal Academy of Engineering is acknowledged for the financial support of P.R. Shearing (CiET1718∖59) and D.J.L.B. (RCSRF2021/13/53) under the Chair in Emerging Technologies and Research Chairs scheme. D.J.L.B. acknowledges the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and HORIBA MIRA for the support of his RAEng Research Chair.",

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Fordham, A, Milojevic, Z, Giles, E, Du, W, Owen, R, Michalik, S, Chater, P, Das, P, Attidekou, P, Lambert, S, Allan, P , Slater, P , Anderson, P, Jervis, R, Shearing, P & Brett, D 2023, 'Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells', Joule, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 2622-2652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

TY - JOUR

T1 - Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells

AU - Fordham, Arthur

AU - Milojevic, Zoran

AU - Giles, Emily

AU - Du, Wenjia

AU - Owen, Rhodri

AU - Michalik, Stefan

AU - Chater, Phil

AU - Das, Prodip

AU - Attidekou, Pierrot

AU - Lambert, Simon

AU - Allan, Phoebe

AU - Slater, Peter

AU - Anderson, Paul

AU - Jervis, Rhodri

AU - Shearing, Paul

AU - Brett, Dan

N1 - Acknowledgments: This work was part of ReLiB (https://relib.org.uk/), LiStar (https://www.listar.ac.uk/), SafeBatt (https://www.safebatt.ac.uk/), and CatMat (https://catmatproject.com/) Faraday Institution projects (grant numbers EP/S003053/1, FIRG027, FIRG014, FIRG028, and FIRG026). Diamond Light Source is acknowledged for time on Beamline I12-JEEP under proposal MG27719. The Royal Academy of Engineering is acknowledged for the financial support of P.R. Shearing (CiET1718∖59) and D.J.L.B. (RCSRF2021/13/53) under the Chair in Emerging Technologies and Research Chairs scheme. D.J.L.B. acknowledges the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and HORIBA MIRA for the support of his RAEng Research Chair.

PY - 2023/11/15

Y1 - 2023/11/15

N2 - The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to raise concern for the disposal of lithium-ion batteries reaching their end of life (EoL). The cells inside EVs age differently depending on multiple factors. Yet, following extraction, there are significant challenges with characterizing degradation in cells that have been aged from real-world EV usage. We employed four non-destructive techniques—infrared thermography, ultrasonic mapping, X-ray tomography, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction—to analyze the aging of Nissan Leaf large-format pouch cells that were arranged in different orientations and locations within the pack. The combination of these methods provided complementary insights into cell degradation, with rotated/vertically aligned cells exhibiting distinct aging patterns compared with flat/horizontally aligned cells. These findings offer valuable information for pack design and demonstrate how cost-effective non-destructive techniques can provide practical assessment capabilities comparable to synchrotron studies. This approach enables decision support during EoL, enhancing battery production efficiency and minimizing material waste.

AB - The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to raise concern for the disposal of lithium-ion batteries reaching their end of life (EoL). The cells inside EVs age differently depending on multiple factors. Yet, following extraction, there are significant challenges with characterizing degradation in cells that have been aged from real-world EV usage. We employed four non-destructive techniques—infrared thermography, ultrasonic mapping, X-ray tomography, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction—to analyze the aging of Nissan Leaf large-format pouch cells that were arranged in different orientations and locations within the pack. The combination of these methods provided complementary insights into cell degradation, with rotated/vertically aligned cells exhibiting distinct aging patterns compared with flat/horizontally aligned cells. These findings offer valuable information for pack design and demonstrate how cost-effective non-destructive techniques can provide practical assessment capabilities comparable to synchrotron studies. This approach enables decision support during EoL, enhancing battery production efficiency and minimizing material waste.

KW - automotive Li-ion pouch cell

KW - electric vehicle

KW - aging

KW - infrared thermal imaging

KW - ultrasound acoustic measurement

KW - X-ray tomography

KW - deep learning

KW - synchrotron X-ray diffraction

U2 - 10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

DO - 10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.011

M3 - Article

SN - 2542-4351

VL - 7

SP - 2622

EP - 2652

JO - Joule

JF - Joule

IS - 11

ER -

Correlative non-destructive techniques to investigate aging and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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Research output

Combining multi-modal non-destructive techniques to investigate ageing and orientation effects in automotive Li-ion pouch cells

Projects

Recycling of Li-ion Batteries 2

Cite this