The prevalence and long-term health effects of Long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lauren L  O'Mahoney; Ash  Routen; Clare  Gillies; Winifred  Ekezie; Anneka Welford; Alexa  Zhang; Urvi  Karamchandani; Nikita Simms-Williams; Shabana  Cassambai; Ashkon  Ardavani; Thomas J  Wilkinson; Grace  Hawthorne; Ffion  Curtis; Andrew P  Kingsnorth; Abdullah  Almaqhawi; Thomas  Ward; Daniel  Ayoubkhani; Amitava Banerjee; Melanie Calvert; Roz  Shafran; Terence  Stephenson; Jonathan A C Sterne; Helen Ward; Rachael A  Evans; Francesco Zaccardi; Shaney  Wright; Kamlesh Khunti

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762

The prevalence and long-term health effects of Long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lauren L O'Mahoney, Ash Routen, Clare Gillies, Winifred Ekezie, Anneka Welford, Alexa Zhang, Urvi Karamchandani, Nikita Simms-Williams, Shabana Cassambai, Ashkon Ardavani, Thomas J Wilkinson, Grace Hawthorne, Ffion Curtis, Andrew P Kingsnorth, Abdullah Almaqhawi, Thomas Ward, Daniel Ayoubkhani, Amitava Banerjee, Melanie Calvert, Roz ShafranTerence Stephenson, Jonathan A C Sterne, Helen Ward, Rachael A Evans, Francesco Zaccardi, Shaney Wright, Kamlesh Khunti^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Applied Health Research

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to systematically synthesise the global evidence on the prevalence of persistent symptoms in a general post COVID-19 population.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, and medRxiv) until January 2022. Studies with at least 100 people with confirmed or self-reported COVID-19 symptoms at ≥28 days following infection onset were included. Patient-reported outcome measures and clinical investigations were both assessed. Results were analysed descriptively, and meta-analyses were conducted to derive prevalence estimates. This study was pre-registered (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021238247).

Findings
194 studies totalling 735,006 participants were included, with five studies conducted in those
Interpretation
Our work shows that 45% of COVID-19 survivors, regardless of hospitalisation status, were experiencing a range of unresolved symptoms at ∼ 4 months. Current understanding is limited by heterogeneous study design, follow-up durations, and measurement methods. Definition of subtypes of Long Covid is unclear, subsequently hampering effective treatment/management strategies.

Original language	English
Article number	101762
Journal	EClinicalMedicine
Volume	55
Early online date	1 Dec 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762
Publication status	Published - Jan 2023

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O'Mahoney, L. L., Routen, A., Gillies, C., Ekezie, W., Welford, A., Zhang, A., Karamchandani, U., Simms-Williams, N., Cassambai, S., Ardavani, A., Wilkinson, T. J., Hawthorne, G., Curtis, F., Kingsnorth, A. P., Almaqhawi, A., Ward, T., Ayoubkhani, D., Banerjee, A., Calvert, M., ... Khunti, K. (2023). The prevalence and long-term health effects of Long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 55, Article 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762

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title = "The prevalence and long-term health effects of Long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis",

abstract = "BackgroundThe aim of this study was to systematically synthesise the global evidence on the prevalence of persistent symptoms in a general post COVID-19 population.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, and medRxiv) until January 2022. Studies with at least 100 people with confirmed or self-reported COVID-19 symptoms at ≥28 days following infection onset were included. Patient-reported outcome measures and clinical investigations were both assessed. Results were analysed descriptively, and meta-analyses were conducted to derive prevalence estimates. This study was pre-registered (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021238247).Findings194 studies totalling 735,006 participants were included, with five studies conducted in those InterpretationOur work shows that 45% of COVID-19 survivors, regardless of hospitalisation status, were experiencing a range of unresolved symptoms at ∼ 4 months. Current understanding is limited by heterogeneous study design, follow-up durations, and measurement methods. Definition of subtypes of Long Covid is unclear, subsequently hampering effective treatment/management strategies.",

author = "O'Mahoney, {Lauren L} and Ash Routen and Clare Gillies and Winifred Ekezie and Anneka Welford and Alexa Zhang and Urvi Karamchandani and Nikita Simms-Williams and Shabana Cassambai and Ashkon Ardavani and Wilkinson, {Thomas J} and Grace Hawthorne and Ffion Curtis and Kingsnorth, {Andrew P} and Abdullah Almaqhawi and Thomas Ward and Daniel Ayoubkhani and Amitava Banerjee and Melanie Calvert and Roz Shafran and Terence Stephenson and Sterne, {Jonathan A C} and Helen Ward and Evans, {Rachael A} and Francesco Zaccardi and Shaney Wright and Kamlesh Khunti",

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month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762",

language = "English",

volume = "55",

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O'Mahoney, LL, Routen, A, Gillies, C, Ekezie, W, Welford, A, Zhang, A, Karamchandani, U, Simms-Williams, N, Cassambai, S, Ardavani, A, Wilkinson, TJ, Hawthorne, G, Curtis, F, Kingsnorth, AP, Almaqhawi, A, Ward, T, Ayoubkhani, D, Banerjee, A, Calvert, M, Shafran, R, Stephenson, T, Sterne, JAC, Ward, H, Evans, RA, Zaccardi, F, Wright, S & Khunti, K 2023, 'The prevalence and long-term health effects of Long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis', EClinicalMedicine, vol. 55, 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762

TY - JOUR

T1 - The prevalence and long-term health effects of Long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations

T2 - a systematic review and meta-analysis

AU - O'Mahoney, Lauren L

AU - Routen, Ash

AU - Gillies, Clare

AU - Ekezie, Winifred

AU - Welford, Anneka

AU - Zhang, Alexa

AU - Karamchandani, Urvi

AU - Simms-Williams, Nikita

AU - Cassambai, Shabana

AU - Ardavani, Ashkon

AU - Wilkinson, Thomas J

AU - Hawthorne, Grace

AU - Curtis, Ffion

AU - Kingsnorth, Andrew P

AU - Almaqhawi, Abdullah

AU - Ward, Thomas

AU - Ayoubkhani, Daniel

AU - Banerjee, Amitava

AU - Calvert, Melanie

AU - Shafran, Roz

AU - Stephenson, Terence

AU - Sterne, Jonathan A C

AU - Ward, Helen

AU - Evans, Rachael A

AU - Zaccardi, Francesco

AU - Wright, Shaney

AU - Khunti, Kamlesh

PY - 2023/1

Y1 - 2023/1

N2 - BackgroundThe aim of this study was to systematically synthesise the global evidence on the prevalence of persistent symptoms in a general post COVID-19 population.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, and medRxiv) until January 2022. Studies with at least 100 people with confirmed or self-reported COVID-19 symptoms at ≥28 days following infection onset were included. Patient-reported outcome measures and clinical investigations were both assessed. Results were analysed descriptively, and meta-analyses were conducted to derive prevalence estimates. This study was pre-registered (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021238247).Findings194 studies totalling 735,006 participants were included, with five studies conducted in those InterpretationOur work shows that 45% of COVID-19 survivors, regardless of hospitalisation status, were experiencing a range of unresolved symptoms at ∼ 4 months. Current understanding is limited by heterogeneous study design, follow-up durations, and measurement methods. Definition of subtypes of Long Covid is unclear, subsequently hampering effective treatment/management strategies.

AB - BackgroundThe aim of this study was to systematically synthesise the global evidence on the prevalence of persistent symptoms in a general post COVID-19 population.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, and medRxiv) until January 2022. Studies with at least 100 people with confirmed or self-reported COVID-19 symptoms at ≥28 days following infection onset were included. Patient-reported outcome measures and clinical investigations were both assessed. Results were analysed descriptively, and meta-analyses were conducted to derive prevalence estimates. This study was pre-registered (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021238247).Findings194 studies totalling 735,006 participants were included, with five studies conducted in those InterpretationOur work shows that 45% of COVID-19 survivors, regardless of hospitalisation status, were experiencing a range of unresolved symptoms at ∼ 4 months. Current understanding is limited by heterogeneous study design, follow-up durations, and measurement methods. Definition of subtypes of Long Covid is unclear, subsequently hampering effective treatment/management strategies.

U2 - 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762

DO - 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762

M3 - Article

VL - 55

JO - EClinicalMedicine

JF - EClinicalMedicine

M1 - 101762

ER -

The prevalence and long-term health effects of Long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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