Critical stripping current leads to dendrite formation on plating in lithium anode solid electrolyte cells

Jitti Kasemchainan; Stefanie Zekoll; Dominic Spencer Jolly; Ziyang Ning; Gareth O. Hartley; James Marrow; Peter G. Bruce

doi:10.1038/s41563-019-0438-9

Critical stripping current leads to dendrite formation on plating in lithium anode solid electrolyte cells

Jitti Kasemchainan, Stefanie Zekoll, Dominic Spencer Jolly, Ziyang Ning, Gareth O. Hartley, James Marrow, Peter G. Bruce^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Metallurgy and Materials

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

A critical current density on stripping is identified that results in dendrite formation on plating and cell failure. When the stripping current density removes Li from the interface faster than it can be replenished, voids form in the Li at the interface and accumulate on cycling, increasing the local current density at the interface and ultimately leading to dendrite formation on plating, short circuit and cell death. This occurs even when the overall current density is considerably below the threshold for dendrite formation on plating. For the Li/Li₆PS₅Cl/Li cell, this is 0.2 and 1.0 mA cm⁻² at 3 and 7 MPa pressure, respectively, compared with a critical current for plating of 2.0 mA cm⁻² at both 3 and 7 MPa. The pressure dependence on stripping indicates that creep rather than Li diffusion is the dominant mechanism transporting Li to the interface. The critical stripping current is a major factor limiting the power density of Li anode solid-state cells. Considerable pressure may be required to achieve even modest power densities in solid-state cells.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1105-1111
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature Materials
Volume	18
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0438-9
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
P.G.B. is indebted to the Faraday Institution All-Solid-State Batteries with Li and Na Anodes (FIRG007, FIRG008), as well as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), including the SUPERGEN Energy Storage Hub (EP/L019469/1), Enabling Next Generation Lithium Batteries (EP/M009521/1), the University of Oxford experimental equipment upgrade (EP/M02833X/1) and the Henry Royce Institute for capital equipment (EP/R010145/1) for financial support. The authors thank Dr Phil Holdway, Oxford Materials Characterisation Service, for help with XPS measurements.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
General Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering

Access to Document

10.1038/s41563-019-0438-9

Cite this

@article{ab582b70cd0b41d285d5c9709b12ed8d,

title = "Critical stripping current leads to dendrite formation on plating in lithium anode solid electrolyte cells",

abstract = "A critical current density on stripping is identified that results in dendrite formation on plating and cell failure. When the stripping current density removes Li from the interface faster than it can be replenished, voids form in the Li at the interface and accumulate on cycling, increasing the local current density at the interface and ultimately leading to dendrite formation on plating, short circuit and cell death. This occurs even when the overall current density is considerably below the threshold for dendrite formation on plating. For the Li/Li6PS5Cl/Li cell, this is 0.2 and 1.0 mA cm−2 at 3 and 7 MPa pressure, respectively, compared with a critical current for plating of 2.0 mA cm−2 at both 3 and 7 MPa. The pressure dependence on stripping indicates that creep rather than Li diffusion is the dominant mechanism transporting Li to the interface. The critical stripping current is a major factor limiting the power density of Li anode solid-state cells. Considerable pressure may be required to achieve even modest power densities in solid-state cells.",

author = "Jitti Kasemchainan and Stefanie Zekoll and {Spencer Jolly}, Dominic and Ziyang Ning and Hartley, {Gareth O.} and James Marrow and Bruce, {Peter G.}",

note = "Funding Information: P.G.B. is indebted to the Faraday Institution All-Solid-State Batteries with Li and Na Anodes (FIRG007, FIRG008), as well as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), including the SUPERGEN Energy Storage Hub (EP/L019469/1), Enabling Next Generation Lithium Batteries (EP/M009521/1), the University of Oxford experimental equipment upgrade (EP/M02833X/1) and the Henry Royce Institute for capital equipment (EP/R010145/1) for financial support. The authors thank Dr Phil Holdway, Oxford Materials Characterisation Service, for help with XPS measurements. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2019",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1038/s41563-019-0438-9",

language = "English",

volume = "18",

pages = "1105--1111",

journal = "Nature Materials",

issn = "1476-1122",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "10",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Critical stripping current leads to dendrite formation on plating in lithium anode solid electrolyte cells

AU - Kasemchainan, Jitti

AU - Zekoll, Stefanie

AU - Spencer Jolly, Dominic

AU - Ning, Ziyang

AU - Hartley, Gareth O.

AU - Marrow, James

AU - Bruce, Peter G.

N1 - Funding Information: P.G.B. is indebted to the Faraday Institution All-Solid-State Batteries with Li and Na Anodes (FIRG007, FIRG008), as well as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), including the SUPERGEN Energy Storage Hub (EP/L019469/1), Enabling Next Generation Lithium Batteries (EP/M009521/1), the University of Oxford experimental equipment upgrade (EP/M02833X/1) and the Henry Royce Institute for capital equipment (EP/R010145/1) for financial support. The authors thank Dr Phil Holdway, Oxford Materials Characterisation Service, for help with XPS measurements. Publisher Copyright: © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2019/10/1

Y1 - 2019/10/1

N2 - A critical current density on stripping is identified that results in dendrite formation on plating and cell failure. When the stripping current density removes Li from the interface faster than it can be replenished, voids form in the Li at the interface and accumulate on cycling, increasing the local current density at the interface and ultimately leading to dendrite formation on plating, short circuit and cell death. This occurs even when the overall current density is considerably below the threshold for dendrite formation on plating. For the Li/Li6PS5Cl/Li cell, this is 0.2 and 1.0 mA cm−2 at 3 and 7 MPa pressure, respectively, compared with a critical current for plating of 2.0 mA cm−2 at both 3 and 7 MPa. The pressure dependence on stripping indicates that creep rather than Li diffusion is the dominant mechanism transporting Li to the interface. The critical stripping current is a major factor limiting the power density of Li anode solid-state cells. Considerable pressure may be required to achieve even modest power densities in solid-state cells.

AB - A critical current density on stripping is identified that results in dendrite formation on plating and cell failure. When the stripping current density removes Li from the interface faster than it can be replenished, voids form in the Li at the interface and accumulate on cycling, increasing the local current density at the interface and ultimately leading to dendrite formation on plating, short circuit and cell death. This occurs even when the overall current density is considerably below the threshold for dendrite formation on plating. For the Li/Li6PS5Cl/Li cell, this is 0.2 and 1.0 mA cm−2 at 3 and 7 MPa pressure, respectively, compared with a critical current for plating of 2.0 mA cm−2 at both 3 and 7 MPa. The pressure dependence on stripping indicates that creep rather than Li diffusion is the dominant mechanism transporting Li to the interface. The critical stripping current is a major factor limiting the power density of Li anode solid-state cells. Considerable pressure may be required to achieve even modest power densities in solid-state cells.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069899346&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41563-019-0438-9

DO - 10.1038/s41563-019-0438-9

M3 - Article

C2 - 31358941

AN - SCOPUS:85069899346

SN - 1476-1122

VL - 18

SP - 1105

EP - 1111

JO - Nature Materials

JF - Nature Materials

IS - 10

ER -

Critical stripping current leads to dendrite formation on plating in lithium anode solid electrolyte cells

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this