Effect of chlorhexidine digluconate on antimicrobial activity, cell viability and physicochemical properties of three endodontic sealers

Vasileios Kapralos*, Pia Titterud Sunde, Josette Camilleri, Else Morisbak, Andreas Koutroulis, Dag Ørstavik, Håkon Valen

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

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Abstract

Objective
Assess the biological and physicochemical properties of AH Plus, BioRoot RCS and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) leachates with and without chlorhexidine (CHX).

Methods
The sealers were studied in no contact and 1-minute contact with CHX. For biological properties (antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity), leachates were formed in saline of freshly mixed, 1-, 7- and 28 days set sealers. The antibacterial properties of sealer leachates were investigated for planktonic and biofilm growth of E. faecalis, S. mutans, S.epidermidis and S.aureus. The 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate murine fibroblast cell viability after exposure to the leachates. The physical properties (water uptake, sorption, solubility, porosity, surface characteristics) of sealers and the pH of the immersion liquid (saline or distilled water) were also assessed over a 28-days period.

Results
CHX improved the antibacterial properties of the sealer leachates and reduced cell viability for all sealer leachates, except for freshly mixed PCS. BioRoot RCS leachates presented the highest antibacterial properties and cell viability with and without CHX contact. PCS was the material most affected by CHX in terms of physical properties, whereas for AH Plus, solubility was increased. CHX did not affect the physical properties of BioRoot RCS, except for solubility that was decreased. CHX contact did not change sealers’ alkalinity in distilled water whereas it increased it for AH Plus and BioRoot RCS in saline.

Significance
CHX improved the antibacterial efficacy of sealer leachates and either compromised or did not affect cell viability. CHX affected to various extent sealers’ physicochemical properties.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1044-1059
Number of pages16
JournalDental Materials
Volume38
Issue number6
Early online date28 Apr 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 26 May 2022

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