Inequality of household water security follows a Development Kuznets Curve

HWISE Research Coordination Network; Joshua D. Miller; Sera L. Young; Stefan Krause; David M. Hannah

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31867-3

Inequality of household water security follows a Development Kuznets Curve

HWISE Research Coordination Network, Joshua D. Miller, Sera L. Young, Stefan Krause, David M. Hannah

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Abstract

Water security requires not only sufficient availability of and access to safe and acceptable quality for domestic uses, but also fair distribution within and across populations. However, a key research gap remains in understanding water security inequality and its dynamics, which in turn creates an impediment to tracking progress towards sustainable development. Therefore, we analyse the inequality of water security using data from 7603 households across 28 sites in 22 low- and middle-income countries, measured using the Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scale. Here we show an inverted-U shaped relationship between site water security and inequality of household water security. This Kuznets-like curve suggests a process that as water security grows, the inequality of water security first increases then decreases. This research extends the Kuznets curve applications and introduces the Development Kuznets Curve concept. Its practical implications support building water security and achieving more fair, inclusive, and sustainable development.

Original language	English
Article number	4525
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31867-3
Publication status	Published - 8 Aug 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We acknowledge the support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 734317 (HiFreq) (S.K.), the HEFCW GCRF Catalyst Programme (F.M.), and the Cardiff University’s Darlithwyr Disglair Programme (F.M.). Data collection was funded with the Competitive Research Grants to Develop Innovative Methods and Metrics for Agriculture and Nutrition Actions (IMMANA, which is cofunded by the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), grant number 300654 and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-002962/OPP1211308). Data collection was also supported by the Buffett Institute for Global Studies and the Center for Water Research at Northwestern University (S.L.Y.); Arizona State University’s Center for Global Health at the School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Decision Center for a Desert City (National Science Foundation SES-1462086) (A.W.); the Office of the Vice Provost for Research of the University of Miami (J.S.); and the NIH grant NIEHS/FIC R01ES019841 for the Kahemba Study, DRC (D.T.-K.). We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation's HWISE Research Coordination Network (BCS-1759972) for support of the collaboration (W.J.). Analysis was supported by the Andrew Carnegie Fellows Program and the generous support of the American people provided to Rutgers University and the Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab through the United State Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-L-14–00006 (S.L.Y.). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the funders or US Government. This research provides a contribution to the UNESCO Chair in Water Sciences and UNESCO UNITWIN on Ecohydrological Interfaces at the University of Birmingham, UK (D.M.H.).

Funding Information:
We acknowledge the support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 734317 (HiFreq) (S.K.), the HEFCW GCRF Catalyst Programme (F.M.), and the Cardiff University’s Darlithwyr Disglair Programme (F.M.). Data collection was funded with the Competitive Research Grants to Develop Innovative Methods and Metrics for Agriculture and Nutrition Actions (IMMANA, which is cofunded by the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), grant number 300654 and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-002962/OPP1211308). Data collection was also supported by the Buffett Institute for Global Studies and the Center for Water Research at Northwestern University (S.L.Y.); Arizona State University’s Center for Global Health at the School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Decision Center for a Desert City (National Science Foundation SES-1462086) (A.W.); the Office of the Vice Provost for Research of the University of Miami (J.S.); and the NIH grant NIEHS/FIC R01ES019841 for the Kahemba Study, DRC (D.T.-K.). We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation's HWISE Research Coordination Network (BCS-1759972) for support of the collaboration (W.J.). Analysis was supported by the Andrew Carnegie Fellows Program and the generous support of the American people provided to Rutgers University and the Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab through the United State Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-L-14–00006 (S.L.Y.). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the funders or US Government. This research provides a contribution to the UNESCO Chair in Water Sciences and UNESCO UNITWIN on Ecohydrological Interfaces at the University of Birmingham, UK (D.M.H.).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
General
General Physics and Astronomy

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Cite this

@article{9087269eb2f3489380147edba6d6d053,

title = "Inequality of household water security follows a Development Kuznets Curve",

abstract = "Water security requires not only sufficient availability of and access to safe and acceptable quality for domestic uses, but also fair distribution within and across populations. However, a key research gap remains in understanding water security inequality and its dynamics, which in turn creates an impediment to tracking progress towards sustainable development. Therefore, we analyse the inequality of water security using data from 7603 households across 28 sites in 22 low- and middle-income countries, measured using the Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scale. Here we show an inverted-U shaped relationship between site water security and inequality of household water security. This Kuznets-like curve suggests a process that as water security grows, the inequality of water security first increases then decreases. This research extends the Kuznets curve applications and introduces the Development Kuznets Curve concept. Its practical implications support building water security and achieving more fair, inclusive, and sustainable development.",

author = "{HWISE Research Coordination Network} and Feng Mao and Miller, {Joshua D.} and Young, {Sera L.} and Stefan Krause and Hannah, {David M.} and Alexandra Brewis and Alex Trowell and Pearson, {Amber L.} and Amber Wutich and Andrea Sullivan and Rosinger, {Asher Y.} and Ashley Hagaman and Cassandra Workman and Chad Staddon and Desire Tshala-Katumbay and Divya Krishnakumar and Ellis Adams and S{\'a}nchez-Rodriguez, {Ernesto C.} and Genny Carrillo and Gershim Asiki and Hala Ghattas and Hassan Eini-Zinab and Hugo Melgar-Qui{\~n}onez and Farooq Ahmed and Javier Moran-Martinez and Jonathan Maupin and Jorge Escobar-Vargas and Justin Stoler and Jyoti Mathad and Kelly Chapman and Kenneth Maes and Luisa Samayoa-Figueroa and Mahdieh Sheikhi and Mallika Alexander and Santoso, {Marianne V.} and Freeman, {Matthew C.} and Boivin, {Michael J.} and Morales, {Milton Marin} and Mobolanle Balogun and Monet Ghorbani and Nasrin Omidvar and Nathaly Trivi{\~n}o and Nicola Hawley and Owuor, {Patrick Mbullo} and Raymond Tutu and Schuster, {Roseanne C.} and Sabrina Rasheed and Collins, {Shalean M.} and Sonali Srivastava and Stroma Cole",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 734317 (HiFreq) (S.K.), the HEFCW GCRF Catalyst Programme (F.M.), and the Cardiff University{\textquoteright}s Darlithwyr Disglair Programme (F.M.). Data collection was funded with the Competitive Research Grants to Develop Innovative Methods and Metrics for Agriculture and Nutrition Actions (IMMANA, which is cofunded by the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), grant number 300654 and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-002962/OPP1211308). Data collection was also supported by the Buffett Institute for Global Studies and the Center for Water Research at Northwestern University (S.L.Y.); Arizona State University{\textquoteright}s Center for Global Health at the School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Decision Center for a Desert City (National Science Foundation SES-1462086) (A.W.); the Office of the Vice Provost for Research of the University of Miami (J.S.); and the NIH grant NIEHS/FIC R01ES019841 for the Kahemba Study, DRC (D.T.-K.). We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation's HWISE Research Coordination Network (BCS-1759972) for support of the collaboration (W.J.). Analysis was supported by the Andrew Carnegie Fellows Program and the generous support of the American people provided to Rutgers University and the Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab through the United State Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-L-14–00006 (S.L.Y.). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the funders or US Government. This research provides a contribution to the UNESCO Chair in Water Sciences and UNESCO UNITWIN on Ecohydrological Interfaces at the University of Birmingham, UK (D.M.H.). Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 734317 (HiFreq) (S.K.), the HEFCW GCRF Catalyst Programme (F.M.), and the Cardiff University{\textquoteright}s Darlithwyr Disglair Programme (F.M.). Data collection was funded with the Competitive Research Grants to Develop Innovative Methods and Metrics for Agriculture and Nutrition Actions (IMMANA, which is cofunded by the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), grant number 300654 and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-002962/OPP1211308). Data collection was also supported by the Buffett Institute for Global Studies and the Center for Water Research at Northwestern University (S.L.Y.); Arizona State University{\textquoteright}s Center for Global Health at the School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Decision Center for a Desert City (National Science Foundation SES-1462086) (A.W.); the Office of the Vice Provost for Research of the University of Miami (J.S.); and the NIH grant NIEHS/FIC R01ES019841 for the Kahemba Study, DRC (D.T.-K.). We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation's HWISE Research Coordination Network (BCS-1759972) for support of the collaboration (W.J.). Analysis was supported by the Andrew Carnegie Fellows Program and the generous support of the American people provided to Rutgers University and the Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab through the United State Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-L-14–00006 (S.L.Y.). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the funders or US Government. This research provides a contribution to the UNESCO Chair in Water Sciences and UNESCO UNITWIN on Ecohydrological Interfaces at the University of Birmingham, UK (D.M.H.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

year = "2022",

month = aug,

day = "8",

doi = "10.1038/s41467-022-31867-3",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Nature Communications",

issn = "2041-1723",

publisher = "Springer",

number = "1",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Inequality of household water security follows a Development Kuznets Curve

AU - HWISE Research Coordination Network

AU - Mao, Feng

AU - Miller, Joshua D.

AU - Young, Sera L.

AU - Krause, Stefan

AU - Hannah, David M.

AU - Brewis, Alexandra

AU - Trowell, Alex

AU - Pearson, Amber L.

AU - Wutich, Amber

AU - Sullivan, Andrea

AU - Rosinger, Asher Y.

AU - Hagaman, Ashley

AU - Workman, Cassandra

AU - Staddon, Chad

AU - Tshala-Katumbay, Desire

AU - Krishnakumar, Divya

AU - Adams, Ellis

AU - Sánchez-Rodriguez, Ernesto C.

AU - Carrillo, Genny

AU - Asiki, Gershim

AU - Ghattas, Hala

AU - Eini-Zinab, Hassan

AU - Melgar-Quiñonez, Hugo

AU - Ahmed, Farooq

AU - Moran-Martinez, Javier

AU - Maupin, Jonathan

AU - Escobar-Vargas, Jorge

AU - Stoler, Justin

AU - Mathad, Jyoti

AU - Chapman, Kelly

AU - Maes, Kenneth

AU - Samayoa-Figueroa, Luisa

AU - Sheikhi, Mahdieh

AU - Alexander, Mallika

AU - Santoso, Marianne V.

AU - Freeman, Matthew C.

AU - Boivin, Michael J.

AU - Morales, Milton Marin

AU - Balogun, Mobolanle

AU - Ghorbani, Monet

AU - Omidvar, Nasrin

AU - Triviño, Nathaly

AU - Hawley, Nicola

AU - Owuor, Patrick Mbullo

AU - Tutu, Raymond

AU - Schuster, Roseanne C.

AU - Rasheed, Sabrina

AU - Collins, Shalean M.

AU - Srivastava, Sonali

AU - Cole, Stroma

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 734317 (HiFreq) (S.K.), the HEFCW GCRF Catalyst Programme (F.M.), and the Cardiff University’s Darlithwyr Disglair Programme (F.M.). Data collection was funded with the Competitive Research Grants to Develop Innovative Methods and Metrics for Agriculture and Nutrition Actions (IMMANA, which is cofunded by the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), grant number 300654 and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-002962/OPP1211308). Data collection was also supported by the Buffett Institute for Global Studies and the Center for Water Research at Northwestern University (S.L.Y.); Arizona State University’s Center for Global Health at the School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Decision Center for a Desert City (National Science Foundation SES-1462086) (A.W.); the Office of the Vice Provost for Research of the University of Miami (J.S.); and the NIH grant NIEHS/FIC R01ES019841 for the Kahemba Study, DRC (D.T.-K.). We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation's HWISE Research Coordination Network (BCS-1759972) for support of the collaboration (W.J.). Analysis was supported by the Andrew Carnegie Fellows Program and the generous support of the American people provided to Rutgers University and the Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab through the United State Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-L-14–00006 (S.L.Y.). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the funders or US Government. This research provides a contribution to the UNESCO Chair in Water Sciences and UNESCO UNITWIN on Ecohydrological Interfaces at the University of Birmingham, UK (D.M.H.). Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 734317 (HiFreq) (S.K.), the HEFCW GCRF Catalyst Programme (F.M.), and the Cardiff University’s Darlithwyr Disglair Programme (F.M.). Data collection was funded with the Competitive Research Grants to Develop Innovative Methods and Metrics for Agriculture and Nutrition Actions (IMMANA, which is cofunded by the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), grant number 300654 and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-002962/OPP1211308). Data collection was also supported by the Buffett Institute for Global Studies and the Center for Water Research at Northwestern University (S.L.Y.); Arizona State University’s Center for Global Health at the School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Decision Center for a Desert City (National Science Foundation SES-1462086) (A.W.); the Office of the Vice Provost for Research of the University of Miami (J.S.); and the NIH grant NIEHS/FIC R01ES019841 for the Kahemba Study, DRC (D.T.-K.). We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation's HWISE Research Coordination Network (BCS-1759972) for support of the collaboration (W.J.). Analysis was supported by the Andrew Carnegie Fellows Program and the generous support of the American people provided to Rutgers University and the Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab through the United State Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-L-14–00006 (S.L.Y.). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the funders or US Government. This research provides a contribution to the UNESCO Chair in Water Sciences and UNESCO UNITWIN on Ecohydrological Interfaces at the University of Birmingham, UK (D.M.H.). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022/8/8

Y1 - 2022/8/8

N2 - Water security requires not only sufficient availability of and access to safe and acceptable quality for domestic uses, but also fair distribution within and across populations. However, a key research gap remains in understanding water security inequality and its dynamics, which in turn creates an impediment to tracking progress towards sustainable development. Therefore, we analyse the inequality of water security using data from 7603 households across 28 sites in 22 low- and middle-income countries, measured using the Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scale. Here we show an inverted-U shaped relationship between site water security and inequality of household water security. This Kuznets-like curve suggests a process that as water security grows, the inequality of water security first increases then decreases. This research extends the Kuznets curve applications and introduces the Development Kuznets Curve concept. Its practical implications support building water security and achieving more fair, inclusive, and sustainable development.

AB - Water security requires not only sufficient availability of and access to safe and acceptable quality for domestic uses, but also fair distribution within and across populations. However, a key research gap remains in understanding water security inequality and its dynamics, which in turn creates an impediment to tracking progress towards sustainable development. Therefore, we analyse the inequality of water security using data from 7603 households across 28 sites in 22 low- and middle-income countries, measured using the Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scale. Here we show an inverted-U shaped relationship between site water security and inequality of household water security. This Kuznets-like curve suggests a process that as water security grows, the inequality of water security first increases then decreases. This research extends the Kuznets curve applications and introduces the Development Kuznets Curve concept. Its practical implications support building water security and achieving more fair, inclusive, and sustainable development.

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Inequality of household water security follows a Development Kuznets Curve

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Bibliographical note

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