Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific and heterologous immune responses in vaccine-naïve residents of long-term care facilities who survive natural infection

G. Tut*, T. Lancaster, M.S. Butler, P. Sylla, E. Spalkova, D. Bone, N. Kaur, C. Bentley, U. Amin, A.T. Jadir, S. Hulme, M. Ayodel, A.C. Dowell, H. Pearce, J. Zuo, S. Margielewska-Davies, K. Verma, S. Nicol, J. Begum, E. JinksE. Tut, P. Moss, M. Krutikov, M. Shrotri, R. Giddings, B. Azmi, C. Fuller, A. Irwin-Singer, A. Hayward, A. Copas, L. Shallcross, P. Moss

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

We studied humoral and cellular immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 152 long-term care facility staff and 124 residents over a prospective 4-month period shortly after the first wave of infection in England. We show that residents of long-term care facilities developed high and stable levels of antibodies against spike protein and receptor-binding domain. Nucleocapsid-specific responses were also elevated but waned over time. Antibodies showed stable and equivalent levels of functional inhibition against spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding in all age groups with comparable activity against viral variants of concern. SARS-CoV-2 seropositive donors showed high levels of antibodies to other beta-coronaviruses but serostatus did not impact humoral immunity to influenza or other respiratory syncytial viruses. SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular responses were similar across all ages but virus-specific populations showed elevated levels of activation in older donors. Thus, survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection show a robust and stable immunity against the virus that does not negatively impact responses to other seasonal viruses.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)536-547
Number of pages12
JournalNature Aging
Volume2
Issue number6
Early online date30 May 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2022

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