Abstract
This study provides the first report of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in UK freshwater sediments with a focus on the possible impact of factors such as spatial/seasonal variation and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the measured OPE concentrations in surficial sediment from 3 UK rivers and 1 canal. Detection frequencies of: (tris (chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TClPP), tris (1,3-dichloro-2 propyl) phosphate (TDClPP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), tris (phenyl) phosphate (TPHP), and tri-m-tolyl phosphate (TmTP)) ranged from 58% to 100%. The concentration of Σ8OPEs ranged from 107 ng g−1 (dry weight - dw) (in the Worcester-Birmingham canal) to 52 ng g−1 (dw) in both Rivers Severn and Sowe). The highest ∑8OPE concentration for all study locations was recorded during the autumn months (September, October, and November), and concentrations of ∑8OPEs in sediment samples from the River Severn, River Tame, and River Sowe all varied inversely with the river level and flow rate. The average concentrations of each target OPE in each study location were lower than those reported elsewhere but fell broadly within the range of concentrations reported from other countries. The potential risk posed by target OPEs in all study locations was found to be low, except for a moderate risk identified for EHDPP in the Worcester - Birmingham canal.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 100243 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Emerging Contaminants |
Volume | 9 |
Issue number | 3 |
Early online date | 5 May 2023 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sept 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors would like to thank the Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) for provision of a scholarship (PTDF/ED/PHD/OSO/1372/18) to Simeon Onoja.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
Keywords
- Flame retardants
- Freshwater sediment
- Organophosphate esters (OPEs)
- Seasonal variation
- Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Toxicology
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis