The orthotropic viscoelastic characterisation of sub-zero 3D-printed poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel

J. P. Crolla; M. M. Britton; D. M. Espino; L. E.J. Thomas-Seale

doi:10.1557/s43580-021-00086-1

The orthotropic viscoelastic characterisation of sub-zero 3D-printed poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel

J. P. Crolla^*, M. M. Britton, D. M. Espino, L. E.J. Thomas-Seale

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Abstract: Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel (PVA) is a versatile biomaterial used to replicate the biomechanics of tissues. Additive manufacture (AM) at sub-zero (°C) temperatures enables the manufacture of PVA with complex geometry; however, the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of PVA has not been evaluated. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of print nozzle diameter and orientation on the viscoelastic mechanical properties of PVA. Samples of sub-zero AM PVA, with different filament thicknesses, were tested under tension relative to the print direction, to calculate the storage and loss moduli. As the nozzle size was decreased, AM PVA exhibited more pronounced orthotropic properties; the smallest size showed a 33% decrease in storage moduli when tested perpendicular to the print direction, as opposed to parallel. This study has demonstrated the ability of sub-zero AM to tailor the orthotropic properties of PVA.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	467-471
Number of pages	5
Journal	MRS Advances
Volume	6
Issue number	18
Early online date	22 Jun 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-021-00086-1
Publication status	Published - Aug 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was funded by an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council scholarship (EP/N509590/1). The materials and testing equipment used in this study was funded by an Arthritis Research UK Grant (H0671; now part of Versus Arthritis).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).

Keywords

3D printing
Additive manufacturing
Polymer

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Materials Science(all)
Condensed Matter Physics
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering

Access to Document

10.1557/s43580-021-00086-1Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

CrollaJ2021OrthotropicFinal published version, 664 KBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

Equipment for determining the mechanical and rheological properties of materials for repair and replacement of joints and their tissues
Hukins, D.
ARTHRITIS RESEARCH CAMPAIGN
1/04/04 → 31/03/05
Project: Research

Cite this

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title = "The orthotropic viscoelastic characterisation of sub-zero 3D-printed poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel",

abstract = "Abstract: Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel (PVA) is a versatile biomaterial used to replicate the biomechanics of tissues. Additive manufacture (AM) at sub-zero (°C) temperatures enables the manufacture of PVA with complex geometry; however, the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of PVA has not been evaluated. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of print nozzle diameter and orientation on the viscoelastic mechanical properties of PVA. Samples of sub-zero AM PVA, with different filament thicknesses, were tested under tension relative to the print direction, to calculate the storage and loss moduli. As the nozzle size was decreased, AM PVA exhibited more pronounced orthotropic properties; the smallest size showed a 33% decrease in storage moduli when tested perpendicular to the print direction, as opposed to parallel. This study has demonstrated the ability of sub-zero AM to tailor the orthotropic properties of PVA.",

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note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council scholarship (EP/N509590/1). The materials and testing equipment used in this study was funded by an Arthritis Research UK Grant (H0671; now part of Versus Arthritis). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",

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doi = "10.1557/s43580-021-00086-1",

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AU - Espino, D. M.

AU - Thomas-Seale, L. E.J.

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council scholarship (EP/N509590/1). The materials and testing equipment used in this study was funded by an Arthritis Research UK Grant (H0671; now part of Versus Arthritis). Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).

PY - 2021/8

Y1 - 2021/8

N2 - Abstract: Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel (PVA) is a versatile biomaterial used to replicate the biomechanics of tissues. Additive manufacture (AM) at sub-zero (°C) temperatures enables the manufacture of PVA with complex geometry; however, the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of PVA has not been evaluated. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of print nozzle diameter and orientation on the viscoelastic mechanical properties of PVA. Samples of sub-zero AM PVA, with different filament thicknesses, were tested under tension relative to the print direction, to calculate the storage and loss moduli. As the nozzle size was decreased, AM PVA exhibited more pronounced orthotropic properties; the smallest size showed a 33% decrease in storage moduli when tested perpendicular to the print direction, as opposed to parallel. This study has demonstrated the ability of sub-zero AM to tailor the orthotropic properties of PVA.

AB - Abstract: Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel (PVA) is a versatile biomaterial used to replicate the biomechanics of tissues. Additive manufacture (AM) at sub-zero (°C) temperatures enables the manufacture of PVA with complex geometry; however, the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of PVA has not been evaluated. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of print nozzle diameter and orientation on the viscoelastic mechanical properties of PVA. Samples of sub-zero AM PVA, with different filament thicknesses, were tested under tension relative to the print direction, to calculate the storage and loss moduli. As the nozzle size was decreased, AM PVA exhibited more pronounced orthotropic properties; the smallest size showed a 33% decrease in storage moduli when tested perpendicular to the print direction, as opposed to parallel. This study has demonstrated the ability of sub-zero AM to tailor the orthotropic properties of PVA.

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The orthotropic viscoelastic characterisation of sub-zero 3D-printed poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Projects

Equipment for determining the mechanical and rheological properties of materials for repair and replacement of joints and their tissues

Cite this