Abstract
Many of the grand challenges in volcanic and magmatic research are focused on understanding the dynamics of highly heterogeneous systems and the critical conditions that enable magmas to move or eruptions to initiate. From the formation and development of magma reservoirs, through propagation and arrest of magma, to the conditions in the conduit, gas escape, eruption dynamics, and beyond into the environmental impacts of that eruption, we are trying to define how processes occur, their rates and timings, and their causes and consequences. However, we are usually unable to observe the processes directly. Here we give a short synopsis of the new capabilities and highlight the potential insights that in situ observation can provide. We present the XRheo and Pele furnace experimental apparatus and analytical toolkit for the in situ X-ray tomography-based quantification of magmatic microstructural evolution during rheological testing. We present the first 3D data showing the evolving textural heterogeneity within a shearing magma, highlighting the dynamic changes to microstructure that occur from the initiation of shear, and the variability of the microstructural response to that shear as deformation progresses. The particular shear experiments highlighted here focus on the effect of shear on bubble coalescence with a view to shedding light on both magma transport and fragmentation processes. The XRheo system is intended to help us understand the microstructural controls on the complex and non-Newtonian evolution of magma rheology, and is therefore used to elucidate the many mobilization, transport, and eruption phenomena controlled by the rheological evolution of a multi-phase magmatic flows. The detailed, in situ characterization of sample textures presented here therefore represents the opening of a new field for the accurate parameterization of dynamic microstructural control on rheological behavior.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 287 |
Journal | Frontiers in Earth Science |
Volume | 8 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 21 Sept 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at the TOMCAT beamline X02DA of the SLS under proposal 20150413, and Diamond Light Source for time on i12-JEEP under proposal EE15898; and thank all the staff at both beamlines who provided additional support to the beamline activity. We are also grateful to Severn Thermal Solution and everyone who advised and helped with the design and construction of the technologies presented in this work. Funding. KD acknowledges support from NE/M018687/1 & NE/M018687/2 and ERC 2009 ADV Grant 247076 (EVOKES). DD acknowledges the support of ERC 2009 ADV Grant 247076 (EVOKES) and ERC 2018 ADV Grant 834225 (EAVESDROP) during the conduction of these experiments and the preparation of the manuscript, respectively. RC, JK, YL, JS, and FA were supported by ERC 2012 StG Grant (SLiM) 406388. SK acknowledges the support of H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship 795044 (DYNAVOLC).
Funding Information:
KD acknowledges support from NE/M018687/1 & NE/M018687/2 and ERC 2009 ADV Grant 247076 (EVOKES). DD acknowledges the support of ERC 2009 ADV Grant 247076 (EVOKES) and ERC 2018 ADV Grant 834225 (EAVESDROP) during the conduction of these experiments and the preparation of the manuscript, respectively. RC, JK, YL, JS, and FA were supported by ERC 2012 StG Grant (SLiM) 406388. SK acknowledges the support of H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship 795044 (DYNAVOLC).
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Dobson, Allabar, Bretagne, Coumans, Cassidy, Cimarelli, Coats, Connolley, Courtois, Dingwell, Di Genova, Fernando, Fife, Fyfe, Gehne, Jones, Kendrick, Kinvig, Kolzenburg, Lavallée, Liu, Llewellin, Madden-Nadeau, Madi, Marone, Morgan, Oppenheimer, Ploszajski, Reid, Schauroth, Schlepütz, Sellick, Vasseur, von Aulock, Wadsworth, Wiesmaier and Wanelik.
Keywords
- in situ
- magma
- rheology
- synchrotron
- volcanology
- X-ray tomography
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences