Imaging Sodium Dendrite Growth in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using 23Na T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Gregory J. Rees; Dominic Spencer-Jolly; Ziyang Ning; T. James Marrow; Galina E. Pavlovskaya; Peter G. Bruce

doi:10.1002/anie.202013066

Imaging Sodium Dendrite Growth in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using ²³Na T₂-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Gregory J. Rees, Dominic Spencer-Jolly, Ziyang Ning, T. James Marrow, Galina E. Pavlovskaya^*, Peter G. Bruce^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Metallurgy and Materials

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Two-dimensional, Knight-shifted, T₂-contrasted ²³Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an all-solid-state cell with a Na electrode and a ceramic electrolyte is employed to directly observe Na microstructural growth. A spalling dendritic morphology is observed and confirmed by more conventional post-mortem analysis; X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy. A significantly larger ²³Na T₂ for the dendritic growth, compared with the bulk metal electrode, is attributed to increased sodium ion mobility in the dendrite. ²³Na T₂-contrast MRI of metallic sodium offers a clear, routine method for observing and isolating microstructural growths and can supplement the current suite of techniques utilised to analyse dendritic growth in all-solid-state cells.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2110-2115
Number of pages	6
Journal	Angewandte Chemie - International Edition
Volume	60
Issue number	4
Early online date	6 Oct 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202013066
Publication status	Published - 25 Jan 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
P.G.B. is indebted to the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), including Next Generation Solid‐State Batteries [EP/P003532/1], Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials [EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/R010145/1], and the Faraday Institution All‐Solid‐State Batteries with Li and Na Anodes [FIRG007, FIRG008] for financial support. G.E.P. thanks the Medical Research Council for funding (Grant # MC_PC_15074) of sodium imaging methodology development. The X‐ray tomography facilities were funded by an EPSRC Grant [EP/M02833X/1]; “University of Oxford: experimental equipment upgrade”.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH

Keywords

all-solid-state electrolytes
batteries
magnetic resonance imaging
NMR spectroscopy
sodium

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Catalysis
General Chemistry

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Cite this

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title = "Imaging Sodium Dendrite Growth in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using 23Na T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging",

abstract = "Two-dimensional, Knight-shifted, T2-contrasted 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an all-solid-state cell with a Na electrode and a ceramic electrolyte is employed to directly observe Na microstructural growth. A spalling dendritic morphology is observed and confirmed by more conventional post-mortem analysis; X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy. A significantly larger 23Na T2 for the dendritic growth, compared with the bulk metal electrode, is attributed to increased sodium ion mobility in the dendrite. 23Na T2-contrast MRI of metallic sodium offers a clear, routine method for observing and isolating microstructural growths and can supplement the current suite of techniques utilised to analyse dendritic growth in all-solid-state cells.",

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author = "Rees, {Gregory J.} and Dominic Spencer-Jolly and Ziyang Ning and Marrow, {T. James} and Pavlovskaya, {Galina E.} and Bruce, {Peter G.}",

note = "Funding Information: P.G.B. is indebted to the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), including Next Generation Solid‐State Batteries [EP/P003532/1], Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials [EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/R010145/1], and the Faraday Institution All‐Solid‐State Batteries with Li and Na Anodes [FIRG007, FIRG008] for financial support. G.E.P. thanks the Medical Research Council for funding (Grant # MC_PC_15074) of sodium imaging methodology development. The X‐ray tomography facilities were funded by an EPSRC Grant [EP/M02833X/1]; “University of Oxford: experimental equipment upgrade”. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH",

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AU - Pavlovskaya, Galina E.

AU - Bruce, Peter G.

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