Solid-state lithium battery cathodes operating at low pressures

Xiangwen Gao; Boyang Liu; Bingkun Hu; Ziyang Ning; Dominic spencer Jolly; Shengming Zhang; Johann Perera; Junfu Bu; Junliang Liu; Christopher Doerrer; Ed Darnbrough; David E.J. Armstrong; Patrick S. Grant; Peter G. Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.008

Solid-state lithium battery cathodes operating at low pressures

Xiangwen Gao, Boyang Liu, Bingkun Hu, Ziyang Ning, Dominic spencer Jolly, Shengming Zhang, Johann Perera, Junfu Bu, Junliang Liu, Christopher Doerrer, Ed Darnbrough, David E.J. Armstrong, Patrick S. Grant, Peter G. Bruce^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Metallurgy and Materials

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Abstract

Many studies of solid-state battery cathodes employ high stack pressures and low current densities. In practice, cells operating at current densities in the mA cm⁻² range at stack pressures of a few MPa are required. Here, we show the influence of the composite cathode components LiNi_0.83Mn_0.06Co_0.11O₂, Li₃InC_l6, and carbon nanofibers, operating at 2-MPa stack pressure and find that the overall composite cathode capacity is determined primarily by the conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Higher conductivities reduce the mass of the solid electrolyte required to access a high capacity from the active material (high utilization), enabling higher active material loadings and higher overall capacities. Cycling between 2.6 and 4.2 V rather than 4.4 V reduces the LiNi_0.83Mn_0.06Co_0.11O₂ volume change from 6% to 2.5%, achieving 94% rather than 65% capacity retention after 50 cycles for a reduction in capacity of only 14%.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	636-646
Number of pages	11
Journal	Joule
Volume	6
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.008
Publication status	Published - 16 Mar 2022

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments:
P.G.B. is indebted to the Faraday Institution SOLBAT (FIRG007 and FIRG008), as well as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Enabling Next Generation Lithium Batteries (EP/M009521/1), the University of Oxford experimental equipment upgrade (EP/M02833X/1), and the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials (EP/R0066X/1, EP/S019367/1, and EP/R010145/1) for financial support.

Keywords

composite cathode
solid-state batteries
chloride solid electrolyte
volume change

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Cite this

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title = "Solid-state lithium battery cathodes operating at low pressures",

abstract = "Many studies of solid-state battery cathodes employ high stack pressures and low current densities. In practice, cells operating at current densities in the mA cm−2 range at stack pressures of a few MPa are required. Here, we show the influence of the composite cathode components LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2, Li3InCl6, and carbon nanofibers, operating at 2-MPa stack pressure and find that the overall composite cathode capacity is determined primarily by the conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Higher conductivities reduce the mass of the solid electrolyte required to access a high capacity from the active material (high utilization), enabling higher active material loadings and higher overall capacities. Cycling between 2.6 and 4.2 V rather than 4.4 V reduces the LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2 volume change from 6% to 2.5%, achieving 94% rather than 65% capacity retention after 50 cycles for a reduction in capacity of only 14%.",

keywords = "composite cathode, solid-state batteries, chloride solid electrolyte, volume change",

author = "Xiangwen Gao and Boyang Liu and Bingkun Hu and Ziyang Ning and Jolly, {Dominic spencer} and Shengming Zhang and Johann Perera and Junfu Bu and Junliang Liu and Christopher Doerrer and Ed Darnbrough and Armstrong, {David E.J.} and Grant, {Patrick S.} and Bruce, {Peter G.}",

note = "Acknowledgments: P.G.B. is indebted to the Faraday Institution SOLBAT (FIRG007 and FIRG008), as well as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Enabling Next Generation Lithium Batteries (EP/M009521/1), the University of Oxford experimental equipment upgrade (EP/M02833X/1), and the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials (EP/R0066X/1, EP/S019367/1, and EP/R010145/1) for financial support.",

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T1 - Solid-state lithium battery cathodes operating at low pressures

AU - Gao, Xiangwen

AU - Liu, Boyang

AU - Hu, Bingkun

AU - Ning, Ziyang

AU - Jolly, Dominic spencer

AU - Zhang, Shengming

AU - Perera, Johann

AU - Bu, Junfu

AU - Liu, Junliang

AU - Doerrer, Christopher

AU - Darnbrough, Ed

AU - Armstrong, David E.J.

AU - Grant, Patrick S.

AU - Bruce, Peter G.

N1 - Acknowledgments: P.G.B. is indebted to the Faraday Institution SOLBAT (FIRG007 and FIRG008), as well as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Enabling Next Generation Lithium Batteries (EP/M009521/1), the University of Oxford experimental equipment upgrade (EP/M02833X/1), and the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials (EP/R0066X/1, EP/S019367/1, and EP/R010145/1) for financial support.

PY - 2022/3/16

Y1 - 2022/3/16

N2 - Many studies of solid-state battery cathodes employ high stack pressures and low current densities. In practice, cells operating at current densities in the mA cm−2 range at stack pressures of a few MPa are required. Here, we show the influence of the composite cathode components LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2, Li3InCl6, and carbon nanofibers, operating at 2-MPa stack pressure and find that the overall composite cathode capacity is determined primarily by the conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Higher conductivities reduce the mass of the solid electrolyte required to access a high capacity from the active material (high utilization), enabling higher active material loadings and higher overall capacities. Cycling between 2.6 and 4.2 V rather than 4.4 V reduces the LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2 volume change from 6% to 2.5%, achieving 94% rather than 65% capacity retention after 50 cycles for a reduction in capacity of only 14%.

AB - Many studies of solid-state battery cathodes employ high stack pressures and low current densities. In practice, cells operating at current densities in the mA cm−2 range at stack pressures of a few MPa are required. Here, we show the influence of the composite cathode components LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2, Li3InCl6, and carbon nanofibers, operating at 2-MPa stack pressure and find that the overall composite cathode capacity is determined primarily by the conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Higher conductivities reduce the mass of the solid electrolyte required to access a high capacity from the active material (high utilization), enabling higher active material loadings and higher overall capacities. Cycling between 2.6 and 4.2 V rather than 4.4 V reduces the LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2 volume change from 6% to 2.5%, achieving 94% rather than 65% capacity retention after 50 cycles for a reduction in capacity of only 14%.

KW - composite cathode

KW - solid-state batteries

KW - chloride solid electrolyte

KW - volume change

U2 - 10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.008

DO - 10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.008

M3 - Article

SN - 2542-4351

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SP - 636

EP - 646

JO - Joule

JF - Joule

IS - 3

ER -

Solid-state lithium battery cathodes operating at low pressures

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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