Multi-length-scale study on the heat treatment response to supersaturated nickel-based superalloys: Precipitation reactions and incipient recrystallisation

Yuanbo T. Tang; Chinnapat Panwisawas; Benjamin M. Jenkins; Junliang Liu; Zhao Shen; Enrico Salvati; Yilun Gong; Joseph N. Ghoussoub; Stefan Michalik; Bryan Roebuck; Paul A.J. Bagot; Sergio Lozano-Perez; Chris R.M. Grovenor; Michael P. Moody; Alexander M. Korsunsky; David M. Collins; Roger C. Reed

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2023.103389

Multi-length-scale study on the heat treatment response to supersaturated nickel-based superalloys: Precipitation reactions and incipient recrystallisation

Yuanbo T. Tang^*, Chinnapat Panwisawas, Benjamin M. Jenkins, Junliang Liu, Zhao Shen, Enrico Salvati, Yilun Gong, Joseph N. Ghoussoub, Stefan Michalik, Bryan Roebuck, Paul A.J. Bagot, Sergio Lozano-Perez, Chris R.M. Grovenor, Michael P. Moody, Alexander M. Korsunsky, David M. Collins, Roger C. Reed

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

A supersaturated 𝛾 phase microstructure is produced in Ni-based superalloys using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) – the cooling rate arising from the process is shown to suppress the solid-state precipitation of the 𝛾′ phase. The response of the material to a heat treatment therefore requires new understanding at the fundamental level, since the first population of 𝛾′ precipitate forms upon heating, in contrast to cooling from homogenisation above the 𝛾′ solvus. Here, we have interrogated two new nickel-based superalloys designed for the L-PBF technology, both in situ and ex situ, at multiple length scales using advanced characterisation methods. First, we conducted in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during various heat treatments to trace the evolution of the 𝛾 ′ volume fraction with temperature. The first structural changes were detected at an unexpectedly low temperature of ∼445 ◦C. Second, the temperature for 𝛾′ nucleation and its sensitivity to heating rate was studied using an electrical resistivity method. Then, the 𝛾′ composition upon heating, isothermal holding and cooling is analysed using atom probe tomography (APT), the result is rationalised by further scanning-transmission electron microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Finally, static recrystallisation during isothermal exposure was investigated, which occurs within minutes. This work sheds light on a new strategy of tailoring microstructure for additively manufactured superalloys by manipulation of the 𝛾′ precipitate distribution upon heating.

Original language	English
Article number	103389
Number of pages	17
Journal	Additive Manufacturing
Volume	62
Early online date	7 Jan 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103389
Publication status	Published - 25 Jan 2023

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments:
The authors acknowledge funding from Innovate UK, formerly the Technology Strategy Board (TSB), under project number 104047. The authors also appreciate the beam time allocated to them under award MG23674 at the Diamond Light Source (UK). YTT and RCR are grateful for Alloyed Ltd for provision of materials. YTT and RCR acknowledge support from the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, funded through EPSRC grants (EP/R00661X/1) and (EP/X527257/1). The authors acknowledge use of characterisation facilities, alongside financial support provided by the Henry Royce Institute (Grant ref EP/R010145/1) and by EPSRC through the Strategic Equipment Fund, grant EP/N010868/1. The atom probe facilities at the University of Oxford are funded by the EPSRC (EP/M022803/1). BMJ, JL and CRMG acknowledges support from EPSRC programme grant MIDAS (EP/S01702X/1). BMJ is a recipient of the WINNING Normandy Program supported by the Normandy Region and would like to acknowledge this project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No. 101034329. YTT and CP acknowledge the funding from Innovation Fellowship by Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) (grant number: EP/S000828/2). YTT acknowledges discussions with Prof D.G. McCartney and Dr S. Utada.

Keywords

Precipitation kinetics
Recrystallisation
Additive manufacturing
Synchrotron
Superalloys
Atom probe tomography
Non-equilibrium

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TangY2023MultiFinal published version, 10.9 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

Roadmap in Digital Chemical Materials Design
Chen, L.
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council
1/06/23 → 31/05/24
Project: Research Councils

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Tang, Y. T., Panwisawas, C., Jenkins, B. M., Liu, J., Shen, Z., Salvati, E., Gong, Y., Ghoussoub, J. N., Michalik, S., Roebuck, B., Bagot, P. A. J., Lozano-Perez, S., Grovenor, C. R. M., Moody, M. P., Korsunsky, A. M., Collins, D. M., & Reed, R. C. (2023). Multi-length-scale study on the heat treatment response to supersaturated nickel-based superalloys: Precipitation reactions and incipient recrystallisation. Additive Manufacturing, 62, Article 103389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103389

@article{21ad6cd2f2454b25a9fec6f56fa25191,

title = "Multi-length-scale study on the heat treatment response to supersaturated nickel-based superalloys: Precipitation reactions and incipient recrystallisation",

abstract = "A supersaturated 훾 phase microstructure is produced in Ni-based superalloys using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) – the cooling rate arising from the process is shown to suppress the solid-state precipitation of the 훾′ phase. The response of the material to a heat treatment therefore requires new understanding at the fundamental level, since the first population of 훾′ precipitate forms upon heating, in contrast to cooling from homogenisation above the 훾′ solvus. Here, we have interrogated two new nickel-based superalloys designed for the L-PBF technology, both in situ and ex situ, at multiple length scales using advanced characterisation methods. First, we conducted in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during various heat treatments to trace the evolution of the 훾 ′ volume fraction with temperature. The first structural changes were detected at an unexpectedly low temperature of ∼445 ◦C. Second, the temperature for 훾′ nucleation and its sensitivity to heating rate was studied using an electrical resistivity method. Then, the 훾′ composition upon heating, isothermal holding and cooling is analysed using atom probe tomography (APT), the result is rationalised by further scanning-transmission electron microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Finally, static recrystallisation during isothermal exposure was investigated, which occurs within minutes. This work sheds light on a new strategy of tailoring microstructure for additively manufactured superalloys by manipulation of the 훾′ precipitate distribution upon heating. ",

keywords = "Precipitation kinetics, Recrystallisation, Additive manufacturing, Synchrotron, Superalloys, Atom probe tomography, Non-equilibrium",

author = "Tang, {Yuanbo T.} and Chinnapat Panwisawas and Jenkins, {Benjamin M.} and Junliang Liu and Zhao Shen and Enrico Salvati and Yilun Gong and Ghoussoub, {Joseph N.} and Stefan Michalik and Bryan Roebuck and Bagot, {Paul A.J.} and Sergio Lozano-Perez and Grovenor, {Chris R.M.} and Moody, {Michael P.} and Korsunsky, {Alexander M.} and Collins, {David M.} and Reed, {Roger C.}",

note = "Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge funding from Innovate UK, formerly the Technology Strategy Board (TSB), under project number 104047. The authors also appreciate the beam time allocated to them under award MG23674 at the Diamond Light Source (UK). YTT and RCR are grateful for Alloyed Ltd for provision of materials. YTT and RCR acknowledge support from the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, funded through EPSRC grants (EP/R00661X/1) and (EP/X527257/1). The authors acknowledge use of characterisation facilities, alongside financial support provided by the Henry Royce Institute (Grant ref EP/R010145/1) and by EPSRC through the Strategic Equipment Fund, grant EP/N010868/1. The atom probe facilities at the University of Oxford are funded by the EPSRC (EP/M022803/1). BMJ, JL and CRMG acknowledges support from EPSRC programme grant MIDAS (EP/S01702X/1). BMJ is a recipient of the WINNING Normandy Program supported by the Normandy Region and would like to acknowledge this project has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No. 101034329. YTT and CP acknowledge the funding from Innovation Fellowship by Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) (grant number: EP/S000828/2). YTT acknowledges discussions with Prof D.G. McCartney and Dr S. Utada.",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

day = "25",

doi = "10.1016/j.addma.2023.103389",

language = "English",

volume = "62",

journal = "Additive Manufacturing",

issn = "2214-8604",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Tang, YT, Panwisawas, C, Jenkins, BM, Liu, J, Shen, Z, Salvati, E, Gong, Y, Ghoussoub, JN, Michalik, S, Roebuck, B, Bagot, PAJ, Lozano-Perez, S, Grovenor, CRM, Moody, MP, Korsunsky, AM, Collins, DM & Reed, RC 2023, 'Multi-length-scale study on the heat treatment response to supersaturated nickel-based superalloys: Precipitation reactions and incipient recrystallisation', Additive Manufacturing, vol. 62, 103389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103389

TY - JOUR

T1 - Multi-length-scale study on the heat treatment response to supersaturated nickel-based superalloys

T2 - Precipitation reactions and incipient recrystallisation

AU - Tang, Yuanbo T.

AU - Panwisawas, Chinnapat

AU - Jenkins, Benjamin M.

AU - Liu, Junliang

AU - Shen, Zhao

AU - Salvati, Enrico

AU - Gong, Yilun

AU - Ghoussoub, Joseph N.

AU - Michalik, Stefan

AU - Roebuck, Bryan

AU - Bagot, Paul A.J.

AU - Lozano-Perez, Sergio

AU - Grovenor, Chris R.M.

AU - Moody, Michael P.

AU - Korsunsky, Alexander M.

AU - Collins, David M.

AU - Reed, Roger C.

N1 - Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge funding from Innovate UK, formerly the Technology Strategy Board (TSB), under project number 104047. The authors also appreciate the beam time allocated to them under award MG23674 at the Diamond Light Source (UK). YTT and RCR are grateful for Alloyed Ltd for provision of materials. YTT and RCR acknowledge support from the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, funded through EPSRC grants (EP/R00661X/1) and (EP/X527257/1). The authors acknowledge use of characterisation facilities, alongside financial support provided by the Henry Royce Institute (Grant ref EP/R010145/1) and by EPSRC through the Strategic Equipment Fund, grant EP/N010868/1. The atom probe facilities at the University of Oxford are funded by the EPSRC (EP/M022803/1). BMJ, JL and CRMG acknowledges support from EPSRC programme grant MIDAS (EP/S01702X/1). BMJ is a recipient of the WINNING Normandy Program supported by the Normandy Region and would like to acknowledge this project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No. 101034329. YTT and CP acknowledge the funding from Innovation Fellowship by Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) (grant number: EP/S000828/2). YTT acknowledges discussions with Prof D.G. McCartney and Dr S. Utada.

PY - 2023/1/25

Y1 - 2023/1/25

N2 - A supersaturated 훾 phase microstructure is produced in Ni-based superalloys using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) – the cooling rate arising from the process is shown to suppress the solid-state precipitation of the 훾′ phase. The response of the material to a heat treatment therefore requires new understanding at the fundamental level, since the first population of 훾′ precipitate forms upon heating, in contrast to cooling from homogenisation above the 훾′ solvus. Here, we have interrogated two new nickel-based superalloys designed for the L-PBF technology, both in situ and ex situ, at multiple length scales using advanced characterisation methods. First, we conducted in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during various heat treatments to trace the evolution of the 훾 ′ volume fraction with temperature. The first structural changes were detected at an unexpectedly low temperature of ∼445 ◦C. Second, the temperature for 훾′ nucleation and its sensitivity to heating rate was studied using an electrical resistivity method. Then, the 훾′ composition upon heating, isothermal holding and cooling is analysed using atom probe tomography (APT), the result is rationalised by further scanning-transmission electron microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Finally, static recrystallisation during isothermal exposure was investigated, which occurs within minutes. This work sheds light on a new strategy of tailoring microstructure for additively manufactured superalloys by manipulation of the 훾′ precipitate distribution upon heating.

AB - A supersaturated 훾 phase microstructure is produced in Ni-based superalloys using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) – the cooling rate arising from the process is shown to suppress the solid-state precipitation of the 훾′ phase. The response of the material to a heat treatment therefore requires new understanding at the fundamental level, since the first population of 훾′ precipitate forms upon heating, in contrast to cooling from homogenisation above the 훾′ solvus. Here, we have interrogated two new nickel-based superalloys designed for the L-PBF technology, both in situ and ex situ, at multiple length scales using advanced characterisation methods. First, we conducted in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during various heat treatments to trace the evolution of the 훾 ′ volume fraction with temperature. The first structural changes were detected at an unexpectedly low temperature of ∼445 ◦C. Second, the temperature for 훾′ nucleation and its sensitivity to heating rate was studied using an electrical resistivity method. Then, the 훾′ composition upon heating, isothermal holding and cooling is analysed using atom probe tomography (APT), the result is rationalised by further scanning-transmission electron microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Finally, static recrystallisation during isothermal exposure was investigated, which occurs within minutes. This work sheds light on a new strategy of tailoring microstructure for additively manufactured superalloys by manipulation of the 훾′ precipitate distribution upon heating.

KW - Precipitation kinetics

KW - Recrystallisation

KW - Additive manufacturing

KW - Synchrotron

KW - Superalloys

KW - Atom probe tomography

KW - Non-equilibrium

U2 - 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103389

DO - 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103389

M3 - Article

SN - 2214-8604

VL - 62

JO - Additive Manufacturing

JF - Additive Manufacturing

M1 - 103389

ER -

Multi-length-scale study on the heat treatment response to supersaturated nickel-based superalloys: Precipitation reactions and incipient recrystallisation

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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