The missing N1 or jittered P2: electrophysiological correlates of pattern-glare in the time and frequency domain

Austyn J Tempesta, Claire E Miller, Vladimir Litvak, Howard Bowman, Andrew J Schofield

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Abstract

Excessive sensitivity to certain visual stimuli (cortical hyperexcitability) is associated with a number of neurological disorders including migraine, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, autism and possibly dyslexia. Others show disruptive sensitivity to visual stimuli with no other obvious pathology or symptom profile (visual stress) which can extend to discomfort and nausea. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the neural correlates of visual stress and headache proneness. We analysed ERPs in response to thick (0.37 cycles per degree [c/deg]), medium (3 c/deg) and thin (12 c/deg) gratings, using mass univariate analysis, considering three factors in the general population: headache proneness, visual stress and discomfort. We found relationships between ERP features and the headache and discomfort factors. Stimulus main effects were driven by the medium stimulus regardless of participant characteristics. Participants with high discomfort ratings had larger P1 components for the initial presentation of medium stimuli, suggesting initial cortical hyperexcitability that is later suppressed. The participants with high headache ratings showed atypical N1-P2 components for medium stripes relative to the other stimuli. This effect was present only after repeated stimulus presentation. These effects were also explored in the frequency domain, suggesting variations in intertrial theta band phase coherence. Our results suggest that discomfort and headache in response to striped stimuli are related to different neural processes; however, more exploration is needed to determine whether the results translate to a clinical migraine population.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)6168-6186
Number of pages19
JournalEuropean Journal of Neuroscience
Volume54
Issue number6
Early online date9 Aug 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sept 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We want to thank Guillaume Flandin for their help with SPM use and expertise. They also assisted in refining analysis code. We would also like to thank Sara Assecondi for assistance with EEG pre-processing and Cathy Ghalib for help with data collection. We were not funded for this research.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. European Journal of Neuroscience published by Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords

  • EEG
  • cortical excitability
  • headache
  • pattern glare
  • visual stress
  • Glare
  • Migraine Disorders
  • Humans
  • Electroencephalography
  • Electrophysiological Phenomena

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Neuroscience(all)

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