Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin

Blanca Elena Guerrero Daboin; Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra; Tassiane Cristina Morais; Isabella Portugal; Jorge de Oliveira Echeimberg; André Evaristo Marcondes Cesar; Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti; Lucas Cauê Jacintho; Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo; Khalifa Elmusharaf; Carlos Eduardo Siqueira; Luiz Carlos de Abreu

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031153

Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin

Blanca Elena Guerrero Daboin, Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra, Tassiane Cristina Morais, Isabella Portugal, Jorge de Oliveira Echeimberg, André Evaristo Marcondes Cesar, Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti, Lucas Cauê Jacintho, Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo, Khalifa Elmusharaf, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira, Luiz Carlos de Abreu^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Applied Health Research

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Abstract

Amazonas suffered greatly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality and fatality rates soared and scarcity of oxygen and healthcare supplies led the health system and funerary services to collapse. Thus, we analyzed the trends of incidence, mortality, and lethality indicators of COVID-19 and the dynamics of their main determinants in the state of Amazonas from March 2020 to June 2021. This is a time-series ecological study. We calculated the lethality, mortality, and incidence rates with official and public data from the Health Department. We used the Prais–Winsten regression and trends were classified as stationary, increasing, or decreasing. The effective reproduction number (Rt) was also estimated. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. We extracted 396,772 cases of and 13,420 deaths from COVID-19; 66% of deaths were in people aged over 60; 57% were men. Cardiovascular diseases were the most common comorbidity (28.84%), followed by diabetes (25.35%). Rural areas reported 53% of the total cases and 31% of the total deaths. The impact of COVID-19 in the Amazon is not limited to the direct effects of the pandemic itself; it may present characteristics of a syndemic due to the interaction of COVID-19 with pre-existing illnesses, endemic diseases, and social vulnerabilities.

Original language	English
Article number	1153
Number of pages	16
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume	19
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031153
Publication status	Published - 20 Jan 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
To the staff of the Laboratório de Delineamento em Estudos e Escrita Científica, Centro Universitário FMABC, especially Celia Guarnieri, for her support in designing the maps, and Henrique Moraes Ramos da Silva for his contribution to access the platforms of secondary data.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

Amazonas
COVID-19
Incidence
Lethality
Mortality
Trends

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Pollution
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/ijerph19031153Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

DaboinB2022DecipheringFinal published version, 3.35 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

Cite this

Daboin, B. E. G., Bezerra, I. M. P., Morais, T. C., Portugal, I., Echeimberg, J. D. O., Cesar, A. E. M., Cavalcanti, M. P. E., Jacintho, L. C., Raimundo, R. D., Elmusharaf, K., Siqueira, C. E., & de Abreu, L. C. (2022). Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), Article 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031153

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abstract = "Amazonas suffered greatly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality and fatality rates soared and scarcity of oxygen and healthcare supplies led the health system and funerary services to collapse. Thus, we analyzed the trends of incidence, mortality, and lethality indicators of COVID-19 and the dynamics of their main determinants in the state of Amazonas from March 2020 to June 2021. This is a time-series ecological study. We calculated the lethality, mortality, and incidence rates with official and public data from the Health Department. We used the Prais–Winsten regression and trends were classified as stationary, increasing, or decreasing. The effective reproduction number (Rt) was also estimated. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. We extracted 396,772 cases of and 13,420 deaths from COVID-19; 66% of deaths were in people aged over 60; 57% were men. Cardiovascular diseases were the most common comorbidity (28.84%), followed by diabetes (25.35%). Rural areas reported 53% of the total cases and 31% of the total deaths. The impact of COVID-19 in the Amazon is not limited to the direct effects of the pandemic itself; it may present characteristics of a syndemic due to the interaction of COVID-19 with pre-existing illnesses, endemic diseases, and social vulnerabilities.",

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note = "Funding Information: To the staff of the Laborat{\'o}rio de Delineamento em Estudos e Escrita Cient{\'i}fica, Centro Universit{\'a}rio FMABC, especially Celia Guarnieri, for her support in designing the maps, and Henrique Moraes Ramos da Silva for his contribution to access the platforms of secondary data. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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Daboin, BEG, Bezerra, IMP, Morais, TC, Portugal, I, Echeimberg, JDO, Cesar, AEM, Cavalcanti, MPE, Jacintho, LC, Raimundo, RD, Elmusharaf, K, Siqueira, CE & de Abreu, LC 2022, 'Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 3, 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031153

Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. / Daboin, Blanca Elena Guerrero; Bezerra, Italla Maria Pinheiro; Morais, Tassiane Cristina et al.
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1153, 20.01.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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AU - Echeimberg, Jorge de Oliveira

AU - Cesar, André Evaristo Marcondes

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AU - Jacintho, Lucas Cauê

AU - Raimundo, Rodrigo Daminello

AU - Elmusharaf, Khalifa

AU - Siqueira, Carlos Eduardo

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Deciphering Multifactorial Correlations of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the Brazilian Amazon Basin

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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